Robbhus wrote:San - The word San is the most commonly used of the Japanese honorific titles. It refers to a person as "Mr", "Ms", or "Mrs".
Kun - Kun refers to either
- A male of the same age, always male to male.
- Superior talking to someone of a lower status.
- Teacher talking to a male student.
- Sometimes said to females in business settings.
Chan - A subform of San. Has more or less the same meaning, but it adds a bit more familiarity to the picture. In other words, it would refer more to a person that you would already know quite well. It is also used for female family members, close friends, and lovers.
Sensei - Sensei is the polite form of addressing a teacher or superior in an academic viewpoint. Some would switch from sensei to San if there is a strong familiarity, but it is not to be changed to Chan unless the two subjects are related.
Köhai - Köhai means pretty much the opposite of Senpai, commonly used for upperclassmen referring to their juniors at schools.
Senpai - Used when juniors are referring to Seniors at schools, something I don't really expect to see here.
Sama - The more formal version of San, commonly used in situations like the one we sit with here, with inferiors and superiors. Sama would be the correct term for "Sir" or "Miss" in an hiring situation, like the viewpoint of most servants of the family are in. Using it in an opposite setting, even if just an accident, is counted as a social flaw and can take quite the hit on your social status.
Shi - a very polite title used to a person that is either a complete stranger or one that the talker hardly knows. It is very common during meetings with strangers in them. The use of Shi let's the person that is spoken to know that the talker don't know anything about things the listener is weak to etc. and is therefor apologizing and warning in advance.
Dono and Tono - Very uncommonly used titles. Dono and Tono refers to a person as "Lord" or similar titles. The title is uncommonly used even between business lords and the bottom of the system, since words like Sama etc. are more common. It is used by some extremists though.
Ue - Ue basically means "up". It refers to someone above yourself in other words. Not very commonly used, though some might refer to their parents with the Hiragana version of Mother (Chichi, Chichi-ue) etc.
Iemoto - Iemoto is an even more polite form of Sensei and is mainly used for masters of a specific art, mainly arts that are not commonly known, such as Tea Ceremonies or Calligraphy.
Hikoku - Hikoku is the title used for convicted criminals, simple as that.
Yögisha - Yögisha is the title using for a criminal that has yet to be convicted.
Now, I left a couple titles out as their use is so uncommon I don't even see the need to. I hope this helps at least someone :)
(Source: http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/titles.html along with a few less used sources)